While the Afghanistan War was America’s longest, the shortest was the Spanish American War. It lasted four months with two American invasions on foreign soil, Cuba and the Philippines. The campaign in Cuba was the most integrated fighting force of the 19th Century. 450 black soldiers of the 24th Infantry and 9th and 10th Cavalry fought shoulder to shoulder with white troops as they stormed up San Juan Hill – on foot, not horses – under the Command of Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt. The fighting was fierce and 26 black soldiers died. Later Master Sergeant Edward L. Baker, Jr. of the 10th Cavalry received a Medal of Honor for his bravery.